Do No Harm

As promised, here is a follow-up to my post about orphanages, aid, donations, expats, and Africa.

After writing down my scattered thoughts on this complicated subject, I went looking for people who have spent years considering how best to help vulnerable children in developing nations.  Lucky for Mama Congo, we have friends who have friends who know folks who have considerable knowledge, experience, and ideas on the topic.

The first person we talked to (in what will be a little "Mama Congo Chats" series) was Everett Ressler.

Multiple felines or a set of informal conversations?

Everett is someone I've know for a long while as mainly a tireless handyman, teller of magical stories, and father of two of my best friends.  He is also, however, an international researcher working on humanitarian issues, including such topics as the care and protection of children in situations of war, and the care and protection of unaccompanied children in war, refugee and natural disasters.

I asked him the three questions I posed in my last post:

1.) Why not orphanages?  They LOVE it when I visit!  The kids hug me and hold my hand and don't want me to leave.  The people running the orphanage thank me every time I bring toys and clothes for the kids.  How can this possibly be bad?

 2.) Isn't doing something better than doing nothing?  Even if I just make one day brighter for one child, isn't that making a positive difference in the life of an orphan?

 3.) I'm living in this impoverished country and I can't just sit back in comfort and do nothing.  What CAN I do to help?

And this is what he had to say:

First, anyone who has the sensibilities or humanity to see and feel for children in difficulties circumstances, and is willing to do something, is a "god-send" for most of us walk by, or close the windows to such them out.  That compassion should be encouraged, for in all the world, children without the protection of a family are the most vulnerable to every type of deprivation and abuse - everywhere.

Secondly, it is important to understand why institutions/orphanages are NOT in the best interests of children.  What we know is that there are THREE most fundamental elements for children to have a fighting chance in life:

1.  Continuous care by care givers - children who have no continuous care giver or are passed from one care giver to another as occurs in orphanages have extraordinary difficulties to overcome

2.   Age appropriate care (babies need to be cared for like babies in family - held, talked to, touched, etc; at each age, children and adolescents need the kind of care appropriate to that age

3.  Being cared for/loved uniquely as no other. 

By the very nature of orphanages, they fail consistently on all three counts.  Commonly the hidden culture and life experience within the orphanage is one in which children are not only deprived what children need for healthy development, but live in a very abusive environment from other older or stronger children and much more often than assumed by the adults themselves.

There is no question but that there are many children in need of basic services and support, who live on the street or in other horrific conditions.  The question is what to do.  There are no easy solutions.  In the many ways people around the world are grappling with failed families, leaving children on their own, but one may think of several categories of activities:

1.  Prevention - the best interventions are those that work to protect children from falling out of families

2.  Mitigation - those measures that attempt to get children back into their families, including support to families and children if essential

3.  Temporary/non-institutional care - making certain some short term arrangement is available to protect and support children while some longer term solution is found.  Long term non-institutional commitment and care arrangements.

"Do no harm" should remain a principle.  Read the experience around the world about orphanages.  Encourage people to look at unintended consequences - whether the charity being offered is causing more parents to give up their children, or the orphanage to not go beyond collecting money and things.  Support preventive/family support programmes.  Encourage local community engagement/ownership.  Support programmes that try to get children back into families, and have dedicated monitoring and child protection systems.  Report and publicly make known the worst institutions where overt abuse or neglect is occurring (terrible things are to be seen).  Be careful about providing resources because it continues to encourage institution grow, which is often a money making scheme at the core, but until other alternatives are found for the children in institutions, do all possible to help find individual care arrangements - one child at a time.

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But I Just Want to Help

You know that picture.  You've all seen it.

A happy foreigner surrounded by a pile of joyful-yet-ragged African orphans.  The person describes the experience captured in the picture as "life changing" and reports "I just really felt like I was making a difference" and "those kids were absolutely starved for love and attention."

These are authentic experiences and honest feelings.  Most of us can totally understand.

But, how do the orphans feel?  Was the experience life changing for them?  Did it really make a difference to the kids?

This is such a sticky situation.  Because we are programmed to want to help children. That's how humans work.  If a child needs something, we naturally want to provide.  A baby cries and everyone jumps to fix whatever is wrong.  It's biology.  Plus, lots of people are really trying to do a good thing and when their actions are questioned, it feels terrible.

So, when a person finds themselves living in the middle of one of the poorest countries in the world, full of orphaned children all seemingly crying out for help, of course they want to respond.  They want to visit, cuddle children, and shower them with all the things we consider essential for childhood.  If you Google "orphanage" you get thousands of links for people and organizations that want to take your old shoes, body lotion, discarded t-shirts, and stuffed animals and give them to orphans.  Expats find themselves being invited to visit nearby orphanages and are moved and motivated by the conditions and the attention-starved kids.

But how does a person know they are helping and not actually harming?  Sometimes people ask me this question, because assume that I'll somehow the right person to ask.  I think it's the nurse thing.

At any rate, I really don't know.

There is a lot of research and writing out there about orphanages.  The issues are numerous, ranging from the obvious to the surprising.  For example, did you know that in some countries, international investigators have shown that up to 90% of "orphans" are not even orphans?  When parents feel like they can't take care of their children, they may consider an orphanage a good place for their child to get food, clothes, and care.  More on the idea that supporting orphanages may actually create orphans here.  Whoa!  What?

Yeah.  When you stop and think, the unintended consequences of good intentions can be really shocking.

So what's a good-hearted person to do?  How can we fulfill the emotional need to help while also respecting the rights of vulnerable children?  Yes, that's right.  I am suggesting that sometimes, untrained do-gooders are reckless in their actions and short-sighted in their strategies.  I am suggesting that the basic human rights of children are violated in many earnest efforts to help.

(Did you know that all children have rights?  They do!  Read about them here.)

Think back to that photo of the volunteer and the orphans.  That photo is actually not okay.  No permission was probably officially granted.  A legal guardian most likely did not give the go ahead.  Those children are not tourist attractions (more about that here).  While their bright smiles and tattered clothes may indeed motivate friends and family to join in the efforts to "help," their images do not belong on Facebook.  We don't have the right.

It's one thing to be that rare person who can go hang out with these kids every other Saturday for years (and I'm proud to actually know people like this).  But that kind of dedication and consistency is not something most do-gooders can offer.  Most of the time, it's easiest to arrange donations (p.s. - 6 Questions You Should Ask Before You Donate Goods Overseas) and give money.  But is this really the best alternative if you want to help?

I started talking to some folks I know who are experts in the field of child welfare in the developing world.  Then, I sent emails to other people who have thought a lot about this topic - from a variety of perspectives: research, missions, health, academia.  I wanted to know their reactions to the following questions I've heard discussed many times:

1.) Why not orphanages?  They LOVE it when I visit!  The kids hug me and hold my hand and don't want me to leave.  The people running the orphanage thank me every time I bring toys and clothes for the kids.  How can this possibly be bad?

 2.) Isn't doing something better than doing nothing?  Even if I just make one day brighter for one child, isn't that making a positive difference in the life of an orphan?

 3.) I'm living in this impoverished country and I can't just sit back in comfort and do nothing.  What CAN I do to help?

So, as I receive these responses, I'll post them.  I know it will be helpful as I continue sort out what it means to be me in the Congo. I think that at the very least, it will be an interesting read for you too - whether you live right here in Kinshasa or just finished watching a Orphan Fund commercial in Virginia.

And mostly, I hope that if we pause, think, and learn, we can actually do what we are setting out to do, and help those we want to help.

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